Any Grid

Random Grids

The arbitrary grid, chosen at random from the set of all grids, functions as a symbol: it represents the whole set of possibilities. But it also demonstrates the equivalence of all these possibilities: the image displayed by the randomly sampled pixel configuration is noise. (If the resolution is high enough, the random grid turns into a grey or brown monochrome.)

 

Jean Arp

Collages arrangées selon les lois du hasard, 1916/1917

The titles of these collages indicate that they were "arranged according to the laws of chance". The question is what this means. With one single exception, all texts we found about these works suggest that they are "scatter-pieces", produced by throwing paper pieces at random on the cardboard, and then fixing them accordingly. (E.g.: Brecht, Huelsenbeck, Richter, MoMa, Motherwell.) A quick glance on the works themselves is enough to establish that this is extremely implausible. The rectangles are obviously arranged in grid-like patterns, and their orientation is aligned with the grid. It is more likely that the paper scraps would have been shuffled like a deck of cards and then laid out in a grid, one by one, respecting the random order of the pile.

[Jill Pazereckas, in the 2006 exhibition review "MoMa goes Dada", also argues against the usual description of these pieces.]
    

Ellsworth Kelly

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Yve-Alain Bois: Ellsworth Kelly: The Early Drawings, 1948-1955. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Art Museums, 1999, # 110-116.

J. Cowart: "Method and motif: Ellsworth Kelly's 'chance' grids and his development of color panel painting, 1948-1951," pages 37-45 of Ellsworth Kelly: The Years in France. 1948-1954, National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1992.  
  
    

Ray Johnson

Ray Johnson's early painting "Calm Center" is a recursive grid. Its elements are random grids, stripes, nested squares, and various combinations of these. The center is a black square.

François Morellet

François Morellet: Exhibition Catalogue Nationalgalerie Berlin, 1977, pp. 147-150.

Paul C. Vitz & Arnold B. Glimcher: Modern art and modern science: the parallel analysis of vision. New York: Praeger, 1984.
     
     

Karl-Otto Götz

Statistisch-Metrische Modulation,
1959/1960

K.O. Götz: "Elektronische Malerei und ihre Programmierung." Das Kunstwerk, Juni 1961.

K.O. Götz: "Das manipulierte Bild." Magnum, April 1963.

K.O. Götz: "Was ist am Bild meßbar? Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Informationstheorie." Syn, 1965.

K.O. Götz: Erinnerungen und Werk, Vol. II. Düsseldorf: Concept-Verlag, 1983.

Heinz Ohff: Kunst ist Utopie. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann, 1972, pp. 132-134, 217.

herman de vries

Ryszard Winiarski

Gerhard Richter

Online program generating random pixel grids

Andreas Fünderich: Squares, 2000.

    

Interactive programs

     In 2002, Aaron Neugebauer submitted the JavaScript-program PixelPaint to the <5k internet-software-contest. PixelPaint is an interactive program which enables its user to specify an image by choosing the colours of the individual cells in a grid.
      A pixel-paint program is obviously not the ideal image-construction tool for most purposes: it is not particularly efficient or convenient, nor does it provide a very interesting "interactive experience". And for the rare occasions that one actually does want to manipulate individual pixels, that functionality is readily offered by common graphic tools such as PhotoShop. Thus, PixelPaint is probably best viewed as a primarily conceptual piece.

If we do not try to use PixelPaint to construct specific preconceived images, but reflect on the set of its potential outcomes, the program itself becomes a symbol –– representing a seemingly limitless set of possibilities, while paradoxically emphasizing the finite constructability of each element and of the sequence of all elements.

[Cf. also: Blinkenpaint (2001) by the Blinkenlights Project Group.]